Instead, the truth simply comes across “to their unregenerate judgment [as] … ‘foolishness’ or nonsense to their unredeemed minds.”9 As one homiletics scholar put it, “Facts inform but only the Spirit transforms, and that is what is missing when the Spirit’s illumination is not present.”10 The Bible offers hope, for although this first stage of illumination can be rejected, it can also serve as what Owen called “preparatory operations on the souls of men.”11 Under this first stage Owen admitted,
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